{"id":22050,"date":"2026-06-07T21:08:34","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T17:08:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.petroacc.com\/bitum-turleri"},"modified":"2026-06-07T21:08:34","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T17:08:34","slug":"bitum-turleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.petroacc.com\/tr\/bitum-turleri","title":{"rendered":"B\u0130T\u00dcM T\u00dcRLER\u0130"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bit\u00fcm \u00c7e\u015fitleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Petrol bit\u00fcmeni, \u00e7ok say\u0131da hidrokarbondan olu\u015fan ve ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kat\u0131 veya yar\u0131 kat\u0131 olan viskoz ve siyah bir maddedir. Petrol bit\u00fcm\u00fc, bir petrol rafinerisinde ham petrol\u00fcn dam\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve rafine edilmesi s\u00fcrecinde bir dam\u0131tma kulesinde \u00fcretilir. <\/p>\n

Petrol zengini \u00fclkelerde, ham petrol\u00fcn tankerlerle ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi ek maliyetlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak i\u00e7in ham petrol \u00e7o\u011funlukla boru hatlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla rafinerilere aktar\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ham petrol rafineriye geldi\u011finde; rafine etmeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131nlarda yakla\u015f\u0131k 350 santigrat dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r, daha sonra dam\u0131tma kulesine g\u00f6nderilir, b\u00f6ylece rafinasyon a\u015famalar\u0131nda ham petrol\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re dam\u0131tma kulesinde farkl\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve bas\u0131n\u00e7lar uygulanarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00fcr\u00fcnler \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0130lk olarak, Benzen ve propan gibi daha hafif maddeler ham petrol\u00fcn bir atmosferine yak\u0131n bir bas\u0131n\u00e7ta ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin depolanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6zel tanklara g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0130kinci ad\u0131mda, Benzin ve gazya\u011f\u0131 gibi a\u011f\u0131r maddeler vakuma yak\u0131n bir bas\u0131n\u00e7 alt\u0131nda dam\u0131tma kulesinden ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcnler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel depolama tanklar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li>\n
  3. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc a\u015famada, dam\u0131tma kulesinin dibinde ya\u011f, gres ve bit\u00fcmden olu\u015fan bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m kal\u0131r ve bu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m \u00f6zel i\u015flemlerle ayr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  4. Sonunda, dam\u0131tma kulesinin dibinde daha a\u011f\u0131r malzeme kal\u0131r, bu da dam\u0131tma kulesinde vakumlu dip i\u015flemi (hava \u00fcfleme) ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilerek bu a\u015famada \u00fcretilen bit\u00fcm malzemesidir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, farkl\u0131 Bit\u00fcm tiplerini a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z: <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bit\u00fcm \u00c7e\u015fitleri Nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Her b\u00f6lge ve \u00fclkede bulunan ham petrol kaynaklar\u0131 ve oran\u0131n kendine has \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re; arazi tipi ve toprak katmanlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fc gibi farkl\u0131d\u0131r, sonu\u00e7 olarak orada bulunan ham petrol de di\u011fer b\u00f6lgelerdeki di\u011fer ham petrol kaynaklar\u0131ndan farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7erir; sonu\u00e7 olarak o rafinerilerde \u00fcretilen bit\u00fcm de farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir; Onlar da farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir; bu nedenle petrol end\u00fcstrisinin uzmanlar\u0131, farkl\u0131 tipteki bit\u00fcm numuneleri ve farkl\u0131 tipteki ham petrol ve bunlar\u0131n ham petrol rafinerilerindeki safla\u015ft\u0131rma a\u015famalar\u0131 \u00fczerinde testler yaparak ve bit\u00fcm numunelerinin test sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re toplam “bit\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri” \u00fcretmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

    Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 8 kategoride<\/strong> s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm numuneleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan testler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibidir:<\/p>\n

    1 – Viskozite Derecesi Viskozite s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rmas\u0131<\/p>\n

    2- PERFORMANS DERECES\u0130 y\u00f6ntemi ile bit\u00fcm\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/p>\n

    3- GRADE PENETRASYON y\u00f6ntemi ile bit\u00fcm<\/p>\n

    4- CUT-BACK y\u00f6ntemi ile derecelendirme<\/p>\n

    5- EM\u00dcLASYON y\u00f6ntemi ile s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/p>\n

    6- OKS\u0130D\u0130ZASYON y\u00f6ntemi ile OKS\u0130D\u0130ZE s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma<\/p>\n

    7- Bit\u00fcm\u00fcn YUMU\u015eAMA NOKTASINI belirlemek i\u00e7in testler YUMU\u015eAMA NOKTASI<\/p>\n

    8- FLA\u015e NOKTASI testi<\/p>\n

    VISCOSITY y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re bit\u00fcm tiplerinin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm numunesi \u00fczerinde viskozite testi yap\u0131larak V\u0130SKOZ\u0130TE TEST\u0130, bit\u00fcm\u00fcn viskozitesi belirlenebilir; Ayr\u0131ca viskozite dereceleri testi yap\u0131larak 10, 20, 30 ve 40 dereceli d\u00f6rt tip bit\u00fcm \u00fcretilir. Bu bit\u00fcm\u00fcn testinde, elde edilen daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck say\u0131n\u0131n, bit\u00fcm\u00fcn daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck viskozitesini ve daha y\u00fcksek say\u0131n\u0131n, bit\u00fcm\u00fcn daha y\u00fcksek viskozitesini ifade etti\u011fine dikkat edilmelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, bunlar VG 10, VG 20, VG 30 ve VG 40 viskoziteli VG bit\u00fcm tipleridir, burada VG30 ve VG40 \u00e7o\u011funlukla kald\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 ve yol yap\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    Ayn\u0131 zamanda, viskozite testi yoluyla AC 30 ad\u0131 verilen ba\u015fka bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fc \u00fcretilmektedir ve bu bit\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00e7o\u011fu t\u00fcketicisi Amerika \u00fclkelerindedir.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm AC 30’un \u00f6zellikleri bit\u00fcm VG 30’a benzer, ancak bit\u00fcm VG 30 Hindistan’\u0131n iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131 nedeniyle \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir t\u00fcketime sahiptir.<\/p>\n

    PERFORMANS y\u00f6ntemine g\u00f6re bit\u00fcm tiplerinin s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte, iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuktaki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re asfalt\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 ve asfalt\u0131n sertle\u015fmeye kar\u015f\u0131 direnci ve so\u011fukta asfalt\u0131n \u00e7atlamas\u0131na ve \u00e7atlamas\u0131na neden olan bit\u00fcm\u00fcn k\u0131r\u0131lganl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca a\u011f\u0131r y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan kamyon ve treylerlerin trafi\u011fi nedeniyle s\u0131cakta asfalt\u0131n b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in; asfalt tedarik\u00e7ileri iki y\u00f6ntem kullan\u0131yorlard\u0131, bit\u00fcm penetrasyon derec<\/strong> esi ve viskozite derecesi<\/strong> gibi bit\u00fcm \u00f6zelliklerine dikkat ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n

    Bu iki y\u00f6ntemde yol yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131 asfalt\u0131n k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7atlamas\u0131 ve k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131 gibi sorunlarla u\u011fra\u015fmakta; m\u00fcteahhitler yollar\u0131 kaplamak i\u00e7in asfalt tabakas\u0131n\u0131n kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmakta, bu da asfalt bit\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131, nakliye ve uygulama maliyeti gibi maliyetleri art\u0131rmakta ve bu da ekonomik olarak uygun olmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu ama\u00e7la, yukar\u0131da belirtilen maliyetleri ve sorunlar\u0131 azaltmak. Sergi ve uzmanlar farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerdeki t\u00fcm bit\u00fcm tiplerinin performans\u0131n\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerdeki iklim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ve s\u0131cak-so\u011fuk gibi fakt\u00f6rleri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunduruyor. <\/p>\n

    Farkl\u0131 alanlara uygun y\u00fcksek kaliteli asfalt \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in uygun bit\u00fcm\u00fcn se\u00e7ilmesi ve bit\u00fcm\u00fcn ya\u015flanmas\u0131, yorulmas\u0131 ve sertle\u015fmesi, asfalt\u0131n k\u0131sa \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc olmas\u0131, so\u011fuk ortam nedeniyle asfalt\u0131n \u00e7atlamas\u0131 ve tekerlek izi yapmas\u0131, ayr\u0131ca asfalt\u0131n g\u00f6zenekli olmas\u0131, ufalanmas\u0131 ve y\u0131rt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yollar\u0131n zeminine kum ve \u00e7ak\u0131l ta\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi sorunlar\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu yolun tahrip olmas\u0131na neden olur ve ayr\u0131ca yollar\u0131n onar\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok fazla para harcanmas\u0131na neden olur; \u00d6te yandan, ara\u00e7lara \u00e7ok fazla zarar vermi\u015f ve bazen ara\u00e7 kazalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015f ve yolcular\u0131n yaralanmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. \u00c7e\u015fitli incelemeler ve testler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdiler. <\/p>\n

    Ayr\u0131ca Amerikal\u0131 uzman ve m\u00fchendisler, karayollar\u0131n\u0131n stratejik ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve incelemesi ad\u0131 verilen bir programda, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcr, yol g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in asfalt\u0131n kalitesi ve uygun performans\u0131 ile asfalt\u0131n fiziksel \u00f6zelliklerinin belirlenmesine ili\u015fkin testler ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmi\u015flerdir. Bu inceleme ve testler yeni bir katran s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma y\u00f6nteminin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131; PG olarak k\u0131salt\u0131lan bit\u00fcm performans derecesi<\/strong> y\u00f6ntemi ile s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma ad\u0131na, bu y\u00f6ntemde \u00e7e\u015fitli formlardaki de\u011fi\u015fimlere kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7, so\u011fuk ortamdan dolay\u0131 \u00e7atlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7, yorulmadan dolay\u0131 \u00e7atlamaya kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7 gibi gerekli parametreler ve Asfalt fabrikalar\u0131nda asfalt\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bit\u00fcm\u00fcn sertle\u015fme nedenlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; Zaman\u0131n ge\u00e7mesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak bit\u00fcm\u00fcn sertle\u015fmesinin nedenlerinin ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131; incelenmi\u015f; b\u00f6ylece farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ve farkl\u0131 hava ko\u015fullar\u0131na g\u00f6re kullan\u0131lan asfalt\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bit\u00fcm tipinin <\/p>\n

    Bu yolun trafik y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc hesaba katan uygun bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr, b\u00f6ylece bahsedilen say\u0131s\u0131z soruna sahip olmaz.<\/p>\n

    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da dikkatinize sunulmu\u015ftur<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm\u00fcn penetrasyon derecesi ile s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131rma tablosu performans y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Bit\u00fcm tiplerinin derecelendirilmesi<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Penetrasyon Dereceleri<\/strong><\/td>\n\n

    Viskozite<\/strong><\/p>\n

    VG 10<\/p>\n

    VG 20<\/p>\n

    VG 30<\/p>\n

    VG 40<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Performans notu<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    \n

    Birincil bit\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Art\u0131k Bit\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    40 – 50<\/td>\nAC 2.5<\/td>\nAR 10<\/td>\nPG 46 – 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    60 – 70<\/td>\nAC 5<\/td>\nAR 20<\/td>\nPG 52 – 28<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    85 – 100<\/td>\nAC 10<\/td>\nAR 40<\/td>\nPG 58 – 16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    120 – 150<\/td>\nAC 20<\/td>\nAR 80<\/td>\nPG 64 – 22<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    200 – 300<\/td>\nAC 40<\/td>\nAR 160<\/td>\nPG 70 – 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    PENETRASYON test y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm\u00fcn s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, bit\u00fcm numunesi \u00fczerinde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u015fekilde test edilerek penetrasyon y\u00f6ntemi ile yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    \u0130lk olarak, test edilen bit\u00fcm\u00fc yakla\u015f\u0131k 60 dereceye veya yumu\u015fama noktas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r\u0131z, daha sonra 6 cm \u00e7ap\u0131nda ve 4 cm y\u00fcksekli\u011finde \u00f6zel bir kaba d\u00f6keriz, daha sonra numune bit\u00fcm\u00fcn s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 banyo suyunun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na e\u015fit olana kadar 1,5 saat boyunca 25 santigrat derece s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki su banyosunun i\u00e7ine koyar\u0131z. Sonra \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bit\u00fcm penetrasyon test cihaz\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine koyuyoruz. \u0130lk olarak, cihaz\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131ra ayarl\u0131yoruz, kronometre duruyor ve 100 graml\u0131k i\u011fne 5 saniye boyunca serbest b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131yor ve i\u011fnenin bit\u00fcme n\u00fcfuz etme miktar\u0131n\u0131 okuyoruz ve bu testteki hatay\u0131 ve i\u015flemin do\u011frulu\u011funu azaltmak i\u00e7in bu i\u015flemi 5 ila 10 kez not ediyoruz ve her seferinde i\u011fnenin penetrasyonu tekrarlan\u0131yor Bit\u00fcm durumunda, yukar\u0131daki testten elde edilen ortalama say\u0131n\u0131n bit\u00fcm\u00fcn penetrasyon derecesi miktar\u0131 oldu\u011funu hat\u0131rl\u0131yoruz; s\u0131cak su banyosundan bit\u00fcm i\u00e7eren kap <\/p>\n

    Yukar\u0131daki testte de g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere bit\u00fcm penetrasyonunun s\u0131n\u0131fland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 bit\u00fcm numuneleri \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lan testlerle belirlenmekte ve bu testlerde test i\u011fnesinin boyutu bit\u00fcm numunesinde ne kadar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya inerse bu testten elde edilen say\u0131 da o kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck olmaktad\u0131r. Elde edilen say\u0131 ne kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ise bit\u00fcm o kadar sa\u011flam ve tropikal b\u00f6lgelerdeki yol yap\u0131m projeleri i\u00e7in uygundur; penetrasyon s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bit\u00fcm termoplastik \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir ve y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta yumu\u015far, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta sertle\u015fir, bu da bit\u00fcm performans\u0131nda yap\u0131\u015fma ve dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131k gibi noktalar\u0131 belirleyen zamandaki viskozite-s\u0131cakl\u0131kta benzersiz bir konudur. <\/p>\n

    Bu bit\u00fcmler Bit\u00fcm 60\/70, Bit\u00fcm 80\/100, Bit\u00fcm 85\/100, Bit\u00fcm 40\/50 ve Bit\u00fcm 30\/40 olarak g\u00f6sterilir ve penetrasyon derecesi olan bit\u00fcmler yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerde kullan\u0131lan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck penetrasyon dereceli bit\u00fcmlerdir. Y\u00fcksek penetrasyon derecesine sahip bit\u00fcmler ise so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bir modeli g\u00f6sterilen bit\u00fcm penetrasyon test cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm penetrasyon test cihaz\u0131:<\/p>\n

    \"Bit\u00fcm-penetrasyon-testi-i\u00e7inde\"<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 40\/60<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fc; 40\/60 penetrasyon dereceli bit\u00fcm, EN12591-2009 uluslararas\u0131 standartlar\u0131na uygun olan ve s\u0131cak asfalt \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan infiltrasyon derecesi kategorilerinden biridir; yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 40\/50<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fc; 40\/50 penetrasyon dereceli bit\u00fcm, ASTMD946-09 standard\u0131na uygun olan ve s\u0131cak asfalt \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ve genellikle s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerdeki yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131lan bir penetrasyon dereceli bit\u00fcm kategorisidir.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 50\/70<\/strong><\/p>\n

    50\/70, EN12591-2009 Avrupa standard\u0131na uygun penetrasyon derecesine sahip bit\u00fcmd\u00fcr ve s\u0131cak asfalt haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve s\u0131cak b\u00f6lgelerde en \u00e7ok sar\u0131msak t\u00fcketilir.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 60\/70<\/strong><\/p>\n

    60\/70, uluslararas\u0131 ASTMD946-09 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re penetrasyon derecesine sahip bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve her zaman s\u0131cak asfalt\u0131n haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u0131l\u0131man hava ko\u015fullar\u0131na sahip b\u00f6lgelerdeki yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Em\u00fclsifiye bit\u00fcm ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnebilir bit\u00fcm\u00fcn haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr ve \u00f6nemlidir. <\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 60\/90<\/strong><\/p>\n

    60\/90, Avrupa standard\u0131na uygun, s\u0131cak asfalt haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ve daha \u00e7ok \u0131l\u0131man b\u00f6lgelerdeki yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131lan penetrasyon s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 70\/100<\/strong><\/p>\n

    70\/100, uluslararas\u0131 EN12591-2009 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re derecelendirilmi\u015f bir permeasyon derecesi t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr ve s\u0131cak asfalt haz\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerdeki yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 80\/100<\/strong><\/p>\n

    80\/100, uluslararas\u0131 standartlara uygun penetrasyon derecesine sahip bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr; S\u0131cak asfalt \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde ve yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    80\/100 ge\u00e7irgenlik dereceli bit\u00fcm termoplastik \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir ve sentetik re\u00e7ineye benzer, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yumu\u015far ve so\u011futuldu\u011funda sertle\u015fir; 80-100 penetrasyon derecesine ve \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek viskoziteye sahiptir.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm 85\/100<\/strong><\/p>\n

    85\/100 ASTMD946-09 standard\u0131na g\u00f6re penetrasyon derecesine sahip bir bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr; s\u0131cak asfalt \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla \u00e7ok so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde ve yol yap\u0131m projelerinde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    GERI KESILMI\u015e BIT\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cutback bit\u00fcm, ham petrol\u00fcn rafine edilmesi ve bu bit\u00fcm\u00fcn rafineride petrol, benzin, dizel ve kerosen gibi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fclerle birle\u015ftirilmesi s\u00fcrecinde elde edilen bir ba\u015fka bit\u00fcm t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr. Elde edilen cutback bit\u00fcm s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r ve viskozitesi daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu bit\u00fcm ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda s\u0131v\u0131 haldedir. <\/p>\n

    Cutback bit\u00fcm so\u011fuk alanlar i\u00e7in uygundur ve kullan\u0131mdan \u00f6nce \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmez.<\/p>\n

    <\/strong>EM\u00dcLSIYON BIT\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Em\u00fclsiyon bit\u00fcm, %60 bit\u00fcm ve %40 su kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00fcretilir ve cutback bit\u00fcm gibi zehirli ve zararl\u0131d\u0131r, \u00e7evreye ve insanlara zarar vermez, kullan\u0131l\u0131rken \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmez, suya dayan\u0131kl\u0131d\u0131r ve su kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buharla\u015f\u0131r, ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7ok kolayd\u0131r ve ayn\u0131 sebepten dolay\u0131 maliyeti ve bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Ekonomik ve uygun fiyatl\u0131d\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    OKSITLENMI\u015e BIT\u00dcM<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Oksitlenmi\u015f bit\u00fcm, rafineride bit\u00fcme hava \u00fcflenmesi s\u00fcrecinde \u00fcretilir.<\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7ine hava \u00fcflenmesi, bit\u00fcm\u00fcn kau\u00e7uk \u00f6zelliklerini art\u0131r\u0131r ve esnekli\u011fini, dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve suya kar\u015f\u0131 direncini art\u0131r\u0131r. Bu bit\u00fcm end\u00fcstride yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r ve ayr\u0131ca borular\u0131n yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve kaplanmas\u0131, d\u00f6\u015feme, banyo, mutfak ve boya end\u00fcstrilerinin tavan ve zemininin yal\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in de yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. <\/p>\n

    Bit\u00fcm YUMU\u015eAMA NOKTASI Testi<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Bu testte, maksimum yumu\u015fakl\u0131k derecesini ve bit\u00fcm\u00fcn maksimum yumu\u015fakl\u0131k derecesine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u0131s\u0131 derecesini belirleriz ve genellikle bu test numune al\u0131nd\u0131ktan 4 saat sonra yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

    Bu test i\u00e7in gerekli ekipman \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Standartlara g\u00f6re bit\u00fcm numunesi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel kal\u0131p<\/li>\n
    2. \u00d6zel gres ya\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n
    3. Hacim kapasitesi 600 ml su olan cam beher<\/li>\n
    4. S\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 5 santigrat derece olan dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su<\/li>\n
    5. Gerekti\u011fi kadar buz<\/li>\n
    6. Kal\u0131p klipsi<\/li>\n
    7. Is\u0131tma i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00d6nce kal\u0131b\u0131n i\u00e7ini \u00f6zel gres ya\u011f\u0131 ile kapl\u0131yorum, ard\u0131ndan uygun s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bit\u00fcm numunesini kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fcyoruz ve kal\u0131p i\u00e7indeki bit\u00fcm laboratuvar ortam\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na inene kadar 30 dakika bekliyoruz, daha sonra cam bir beher, kal\u0131p klipsi ve \u00f6zel bir termometre i\u00e7ine 5 santigrat derecede 500 CC distile su d\u00f6k\u00fcyoruz. Yumu\u015fak noktay\u0131 beherin i\u00e7ine koyuyoruz ve dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 5 santigrat dereceye getirmek i\u00e7in buz ekliyoruz, ard\u0131ndan bit\u00fcm numune kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 kelep\u00e7eye koyuyoruz ve mermi klipslerini ve sa\u00e7malar\u0131 bit\u00fcm numunesinin \u00fczerine koyuyoruz ve 5 santigrat derecede kalana kadar 15 dakika bekliyoruz. <\/p>\n

      Daha sonra cam kab\u0131 bir kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 ile donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u0131s\u0131t\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine koyuyoruz ve suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 her dakika 5 santigrat derece artacak \u015fekilde cam kab\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmaya ba\u015fl\u0131yoruz. Bu suyu \u0131s\u0131tma i\u015flemine kal\u0131ptaki bit\u00fcm tamamen yumu\u015fayana ve bit\u00fcm\u00fcn \u00fczerindeki metal bilyeler kal\u0131b\u0131n taban\u0131na \u00e7arpana kadar devam ediyoruz ve bilyeler kal\u0131b\u0131n alt plakas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anda suyun s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydediyoruz ve bu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa bit\u00fcm\u00fcn yumu\u015fak nokta<\/strong> s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 diyoruz. <\/p>\n

      \"Bit\u00fcm-yumu\u015fama-noktas\u0131-testleri\"<\/p>\n

      Bit\u00fcm FLASH POINT Test Y\u00f6ntemi<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Asfalt fabrikalar\u0131, bit\u00fcm depolama tanklar\u0131, bit\u00fcm kamyonlar\u0131 gibi ortamlarda bit\u00fcme maruz kalma ihtimalinin korunmas\u0131 ve \u00f6nlenmesinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra onunla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan insanlar\u0131n can g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bit\u00fcm\u00fcn yan\u0131c\u0131 bir \u00fcr\u00fcn oldu\u011funu nas\u0131l anlar\u0131z; Bit\u00fcm\u00fcn parlama noktas\u0131n\u0131 tutu\u015fma derecesini ve yanma derecesini bilmek gerekir ve bu da bahsetti\u011fimiz \u015feyleri belirlemek i\u00e7in bit\u00fcm numuneleri \u00fczerinde testler yaparak \u00f6nemlidir; Neyse ki g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bilimin ilerlemesiyle birlikte; bir\u00e7ok firma bu alanda modern cihazlar yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

      Test edilen bit\u00fcm numunesi p\u00fct\u00fcrl\u00fc veya hafif erimi\u015fse, erimi\u015f bit\u00fcm haline gelene kadar 176 santigrat dereceye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan cihaz\u0131n test kab\u0131na i\u015faretli noktaya kadar bir miktar d\u00f6k\u00fcn ve kab\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bit\u00fcm\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinde kabarc\u0131klar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin,<\/p>\n

      onlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n. Ve kab\u0131n i\u00e7indeki cam\u0131n laboratuvar\u0131n ortam s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kadar so\u011fumas\u0131n\u0131 bekleriz; Bit\u00fcm so\u011fuduktan sonra test makinesinde test ederiz <\/p>\n

      Cihaz\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131k ayar d\u00fc\u011fmesini dakikada 7,16 santigrat derece \u0131s\u0131nacak \u015fekilde ayarl\u0131yoruz ve bu a\u015famada s\u0131cakl\u0131k 56 santigrat dereceye ula\u015fana kadar buna devam ediyoruz; Is\u0131tma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131, bit\u00fcm her dakika 5 santigrat derece \u0131s\u0131nacak \u015fekilde azalt\u0131yoruz ve \u015fimdi bit\u00fcm\u00fcn \u0131s\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 her \u00fc\u00e7 derece i\u00e7in, bit\u00fcm\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinden saniyede bir kez alev ge\u00e7iriyoruz. Ve \u0131s\u0131tma ad\u0131mlar\u0131na ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde devam ediyoruz ve bit\u00fcm\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinde bir noktada alev belirene kadar alevi her \u00fc\u00e7 derecede bir bit\u00fcm\u00fcn y\u00fczeyinden ge\u00e7iriyoruz; Bu beliren alevin ge\u00e7ici oldu\u011fu hat\u0131rlat\u0131l\u0131r ve bu s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hat\u0131rl\u0131yoruz \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu s\u0131cakl\u0131k bit\u00fcm\u00fcn tutu\u015fma noktas\u0131d\u0131r; \u015eimdi \u0131s\u0131tmaya devam ederseniz bu a\u015famadan ge\u00e7elim ve kab\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bit\u00fcm\u00fcn yanmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bit\u00fcm yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ula\u015fal\u0131m ve buna bit\u00fcm yang\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 denir. Test cihaz\u0131n\u0131n alev almas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in bu a\u015famada test kab\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine bir kapak koymal\u0131y\u0131z ki i\u00e7ine oksijen girmesin ve yang\u0131n bo\u011fulup s\u00f6ns\u00fcn. Test s\u00fcrecinden de g\u00f6r\u00fclebilece\u011fi gibi, yang\u0131n noktas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bit\u00fcm\u00fcn yang\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 farkl\u0131d\u0131r ve bu benzen, benzin, gazya\u011f\u0131 ve ya\u011f gibi di\u011fer petrol \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in de ge\u00e7erlidir. <\/p>\n

      Ayr\u0131ca, bit\u00fcm parlama noktas\u0131 tespit test cihazlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131man\u0131z i\u00e7in; g\u00f6rebilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 \u00f6rnekleri ekledik:<\/p>\n

      \"Bit\u00fcm-FLASH-POINT-Test-In\"<\/p>\n

      Bit\u00fcm Spot Testi<\/p>\n

      Bit\u00fcm i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli testlerden biri, bir sonraki yaz\u0131m\u0131zda da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Nokta Testi<\/a> olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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      \n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[1664,1134],"tags":[1792],"class_list":["post-22050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bitum","category-makaleler","tag-bitum-cesitleri"],"yoast_head":"\nAras Petrokimya \u015eirketi'nin B\u0130T\u00dcM T\u00dcRLER\u0130%page%%<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Aras Petrokimya'n\u0131n bit\u00fcm tipleri farkl\u0131 olacak ve Viskozite, Penetrasyon ve Yumu\u015fama Noktas\u0131na g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 derecelere sahip olacakt\u0131r.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.petroacc.com\/tr\/bitum-turleri\" 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